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Chronic Ankle Instability - Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Options

What Is Chronic Ankle Instability?

Chronic ankle instability is a condition characterized by a recurring "giving way" of the outer (lateral) side of the ankle. This condition often develops after repeated ankle sprains. Usually the "giving way" occurs while walking or doing other activities, but it can also happen when you're just standing. Many athletes, as well as others, suffer from chronic ankle instability.

People with chronic ankle instability often complain of:

  1. Frequent ankle sprains
  2. Persistent (chronic) discomfort and swelling
  3. Pain or tenderness
  4. The ankle feeling wobbly or unstable

Causes - Chronic ankle instability usually develops following an ankle sprain that has not adequately healed or was not rehabilitated completely. When you sprain your ankle, the connective tissues (ligaments) are stretched or torn.

Repeated ankle sprains often cause - and perpetuate - chronic ankle instability. Each subsequent sprain leads to further weakening (or stretching) of the ligaments, resulting in greater instability and the likelihood of developing additional problems in the ankle.

Diagnosis - In evaluating and diagnosing your condition, the foot and ankle surgeon will ask you about any previous ankle injuries and instability. Then he or she will examine your ankle to check for tender areas, signs of swelling, and instability of your ankle. X-rays or other imaging studies may be helpful in further evaluating the ankle.

Non-Surgical Treatment - Treatment for chronic ankle instability is based on the results of the examination and tests, as well as on the patient's level of activity. Non-surgical treatment may include:

  • Physical therapy - Physical therapy involves various treatments and exercises to strengthen the ankle, improve balance and range of motion, and retrain your muscles. Failure to do so makes repeated ankle sprains more likely. North Shore Foot & Ankle is proud to offer in-office physical therapists.
  • Bracing - Some patients wear an ankle brace to gain support for the ankle and keep the ankle from turning. Bracing also helps prevent additional ankle sprains.
  • Medications - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, may be prescribed to reduce pain and inflammation.
  • Orthotics - Orthotics are often used as an adjunctive treatment to help stabilize the ankle.

When Is Surgery Needed?

In some cases, the foot and ankle surgeon will recommend surgery based on the degree of instability or lack of response to non-surgical approaches. Surgery usually involves repair or reconstruction of the damaged ligament(s). The surgeon will select the surgical procedure best suited for your case based on the severity of the instability and your activity level. The length of the recovery period will vary, depending on the procedure or procedures performed.